Monday, August 08, 2005

Hélène Cixous (1937) Genealogy


A French Feminist

"Woman must write her self: must write about women and bring women to writing, from which they have been driven away as violently as from their bodies." 2039

- “ The Laugh of the Medusa” was published in 1975 and translated in 1976
- It became the theoretical foundation for the emergence of écriture féminine ("feminine writing").


“The focus of Cixous's discourse is écriture féminine ("feminine writing"), a project begun in the middle 1970s when Cixous, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, and Catherine Clément, among others, began reading texts in the particular contexts of women's experience” Source

Ecriture feminine is not only a possibility for female writers, rather, she believes it can also be employed by men. Just as women often lapse into masculine writing, Cixous believes that men can also tap into feminine writing


Primary Influence

Cixous's The Laugh of the Medusa Critiqued Against Showalter's Essay Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness. SOURCE

- Greek Mythology

- Cixous is influenced by Freud theory of sexual difference (having or lacking a penis)

- Lacans theory of the stages of the psyche (The imaginary, the symbolic, the real)


“Cixous owes a lot to Derrida, namely his analysis of binary thinking characteristic for logocentrism (Derrida's term), and also his concept of differance. Cixous often invents neologisms, and phallocentrism is one. Another one is the verb that is translated into English as "to hierarchize" and I use this word my text too.” SOURCE

Other Influences

- Simone de Beauvoir The Second Sex

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